Apresente a configuração eletrônica do estado fundamental e os números quânticos do orbital atômico mais energético para cada um dos átomos.

  1. Magnésio

  2. Alumínio

  3. Bismuto

  4. Arsênio

  5. Cobre

Gabarito

Distribuição eletrônica de cada átomo: Mg:  [Ne] 3s2Mg:\;[Ne]\,3s^{2} Al:  [Ne] 3s2 3p1Al:\;[Ne]\,3s^2\,3p^{1} Bi:  [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3Bi:\;[Xe]\,6s^{2}\,4f^{14}\,5d^{10}\,6p^{3} As:  [Kr] 4s2 3d10 4p3As:\;[Kr]\,4s^{2}\,3d^{10}\,4p^{3} Cu:  [Ar] 4s1 3d10Cu:\;[Ar]\,4s^{1}\,3d^{10} Cálculo dos números quânticos: Mg:3s2Mg: 3s^{2} ↑↓0\underset{0}{\color{red}\fboxed{\uparrow\downarrow}} n=3  ;  l=0  ;  ml=0n=3\;;\;l=0\;;\;m_{l}=0 Al:3p1Al:3p^{1} ↑    −1↑    0↑    1\underset{-1}{\color{red}\fboxed{\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{0}{\fboxed{\phantom\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{1}{\fboxed{\phantom\uparrow\;\; }} n=3  ;  l=1  ;  ml=−1n=3\;;\;l=1\;;\;m_{l}=-1 Bi:6p3Bi: 6p^{3} ↑    −1↑    0↑    1\underset{-1}{\fboxed{\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{0}{\fboxed{\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{1}{\color{red}\fboxed{\uparrow\;\; }} n=6  ;  l=1  ;  ml=1n=6\;;\;l=1\;;\;m_{l}=1 As:4p3As:4p^{3} ↑    −1↑    0↑    1\underset{-1}{\fboxed{\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{0}{\fboxed{\uparrow\;\;}}\underset{1}{\color{red}\fboxed{\uparrow\;\; }} n=4  ;  l=1  ;  ml=1n=4\;;\;l=1\;;\;m_{l}=1 Cu:3d10Cu:3d^{10} ↑↓−2↑↓−1↑↓0↑↓1↑↓2\underset{-2}{\fboxed{\uparrow\downarrow}}\underset{-1}{\fboxed{\uparrow\downarrow}}\underset{0}{\fboxed{\uparrow\downarrow}}\underset{1}{\fboxed{{\uparrow\downarrow}}}\underset{2}{\color{red}\fboxed{{\uparrow{\downarrow}}}} n=3  ;  l=2  ;  ml=2n=3\;;\;l=2\;;\;m_{l}=2